Trade
Back-to-Back Operation
Commercial operation where an intermediary simultaneously buys and sells the same goods without taking physical possession.
Commercial operation where an intermediary simultaneously buys and sells the same goods without taking physical possession.
In a back-to-back operation, the intermediary buys from the supplier and sells to the end customer simultaneously, without goods passing through their facilities, generating two invoices with different values.
Trade Triangulation
Operation where an intermediary in a third country buys goods from the exporter and resells to the final importer without goods passing through the intermediary's country.
ValuationTransaction Value
The price actually paid or payable for imported goods, adjusted as prescribed by the WTO Valuation Agreement. It is the primary method for determining customs value.
DocumentsCommercial Invoice
Document issued by the seller/exporter describing the goods sold, their price, terms of sale, and details of the parties involved.